Enzymes, electrons
and electrodes -
developments in biosensors and bioelectronics
By combining together the
ability of redox enzymes to recognise particular molecules in a
complex mixture and simplicity of amperometric elctrochemical
measurements it is, in principle, possible to produce a range of
cheap, simple to operate, and selective sensors. In practice, the
realization of practical devices requires an understanding of the
problems of enzyme immobilization and the mediation of electron
transfer between the electrode end the active site of the redox
the redox enzyme.
This lecture will
concentrate on the fundamental problems associated with electron
transfer to redox enzymes and will describe some of the different
approaches which can be used to overcome them. These include the
use of soluble mediators, the use of redox polymers, covalent
modification of enzyme, and the application of electrochemically
polymerised conducting or insulating films. Looking forward, the
possibilities for the development of new bioelectronic devices
and for the application of enzyme electrochemistry in clean
organic synthesis will be discussed.
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